Urologist that has received training in laparoscopic urology and can provide the service. Can perform both basic and advanced laparoscopic procedures.

• Do not eat, drink (including water) or smoke after midnight the day before your surgery.
• Wear low-heeled shoes the day of surgery. 
• Do not wear jewelry. 
• Wear loose-fitting clothing. 
• Remove any nail polish before surgery.

Andrology is a subspecialty of Urology which involves treatment of various conditions causing male infertility and male sexual dysfunction. In short, Andrology deals with male reproductive health, a counterpart to Gynaecology.

This test reveals conditions like: Low or no sperm count. Testes dysfunction. Reproductive inability and may be helpful in identifying the cause of infertility in male.

The physicians who specialize in treating men's reproductive-related issues are known as Andrologists. Urologists, who specialize in male and female urinary system related problems, can also specialize in Andrology.

Every andrologist is a urologist, but one who's narrowed his practice to a specific subset of patients. Urologists treat patients of both genders, and for urinary problems as well as male reproductive issues. Andrologists are the male equivalent of gynecologists, focusing entirely on male reproductive issues.

Endourology refers to a subspecialty in urology where minimally invasive techniques are used to inspect the urinary tract and perform surgery. A surgeon with special training feeds tiny cameras and surgical tools through a thin, flexible tube called an endoscope.

Endourology (stone disease) is a minimally invasive technique in which small telescopes and lasers are used to treat tumors, strictures, or congenital anomalies of the bladder, ureter, and kidney.

The doctor will place the stent by guiding it up the urethra. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside the body. Then the doctor will pass the stent through the bladder and ureter into the kidney. The doctor will place one end of the stent in the kidney and the other end in the bladder.

There are a variety of symptoms that you can have with a urinary tract infection (UTI), according to the American Academy of Family Physicians Off Site Icon (AAFP).

UTI symptoms could include:

• Burning or pain when you urinate
  
• Cloudy, dark, bloody, smelly urine
• Feeling the need to urinate more often than usual
• Having the urge to urinate but not being able to
• Leaking small amounts of urine

• Avoid bubble baths
• Avoid using a diaphragm as birth control if you get UTIs frequently
• Don’t hold your urine
• Drink plenty of water
• Urinate after having sexual intercourse
• Use plenty of lubrication during sexual intercourse
• Wash foreskin regularly if you are uncircumcised
• Wear loose-fitting clothing, including underwear
• Wipe from front to back after a bowel movement

A urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection in your urinary tract, which includes the bladder, kidneys and urethra

Women are at higher risk of developing a urinary tract infection (UTI) than men. This is because women have a shorter urethra, making it easier for bacteria to reach the bladder. 

Sexual intercourse can also cause a UTI, especially in women, because bacteria can easily be pushed into the urethra. 

The risk of UTIs also increases in women who use a diaphragm, because the diaphragm makes it harder for the bladder to empty, which makes it more likely for bacteria to cause infections.